Total Body - Michiana's Health & Lifestyle Magazine

Ask a D.O.
by Dr. Max Helman, D.O., Michiana Osteopathic Clinic

Adam Y. from South Bend Asks: "What is SAD?"

With the winter months upon us, the days appear to be much shorter. Even though you may not know it, the decrease in light during this time of the year can affect your mood and well-being.

Known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD), 4 to 6 percent of the general population experience SAD. The Cleveland Clinic Health Information Center indicates that women are four times more likely to suffer from SAD than men. Also, people between 20 to 50 years of age are at a higher risk of being affected. Further research indicates that geographic location plays a role as well, meaning that people living in areas where there is still an abundant amount of sunlight during winter, like Arizona, are less likely to be affected by this disorder.

Seasonal affective disorder begins to affect people as early as September through the first part of April. Symptoms of SAD can be similar to symptoms of typical depression, they may include:

Extreme fatigue, difficulty getting up in the morning, or sleeping much more than usual.

Loss of energy or interest in usual activities.

Increased appetite, weight gain, or craving carbohydrates.

Inability to concentrate.

Decreased sex drive.

Suicidal thoughts or feelings.

Due to the similarities between SAD and depression and anxiety, this is not a condition that should be self-diagnosed or self-treated. If you notice these symptoms interfering with your daily activities, consult your physician.

Researchers at the National Institute of Mental Health have concluded that SAD is primarily due to sunlight deprivation. Evidence suggests that the disorder arises from abnormalities in how the body manages its internal biological rhythms in response to the shortened or minor daylight in winter.

As a result of this finding, one option of treatment includes daily light therapy called "phototherapy." The treatment is typically administered using the light from fluorescent bulbs or tubes. Light bulbs are generally encased in small, portable cubicle devices covered with a plastic screen that helps block out potentially harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays that can cause cataracts and skin problems.

Patients sit in front of the light box allowing the light from the box to indirectly enter their eyes; as skin exposure isn't effective. Patients are warned to avoid looking directly at the light box because the light can damage eyes.

The cornerstones of treatment for SAD are exercise, stress management and full-range light therapy. Also, it may include medications like antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy.

If you're feeling blue again this winter, you may be experiencing seasonal affective disorder. The important thing to remember is to seek an evaluation from your physician.